Journal

Notes from the work.

Writing on building what should exist — how we decide what to make, and how we make it.

System admin3 Nov 202615 min read

What Does It Really Take to Build a Website? A Business Owner's Guide

From planning and development to attracting visitors and growing your business, here's what every business owner should know before investing in a website.

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15 Oct 2026Why you still see your old website after moving serversChanging hosting takes seconds. Here’s why some people keep seeing the old site for hours, and how to move without the confusion.System admin 4 Oct 2025Fixing a Backscatter Storm: How We Secured a Client’s Domain with SPF, DKIM & DMARCReal-world case study on resolving a backscatter spam attack by implementing SPF, DKIM, and DMARC correctly. Learn how DNS misconfiguration led to spoofing, how we diagnosed it, and how to lock down your domain against impersonationCybersecurity 23 Jun 2025Escaping the spam folder: a technical guide to email authentication and domain reputationLearn how to improve email deliverability using SPF, DKIM, and DMARC. A practical guide to email authentication, domain reputation, and anti-spam tools.Cybersecurity 9 Jun 2025The Magic Behind Email Spoofing (How I caught a fake $100K job offer)I almost fell for a $100K remote job scam—and it taught me a lot about email spoofing, SPF, DKIM, and DMARC. Learn how to spot fake domains, decode email headers, and protect yourself from phishing attacks.Cybersecurity 28 Aug 2024Setting Up SSH Public Key Authentication on UbuntuThis guide explains how to set up SSH public key authentication on an Ubuntu server from a Windows 10 client, eliminating the need for password-based logins. It covers installing OpenSSH, generating key pairs, deploying public keys, configuring SSHD settings, and managing root access. Ensuring proper file permissions is also discussed for optimal security.Cybersecurity 27 Aug 2024Switching Back to Windows: My Experience and How I Retrieved My Data Using an Ubuntu VMSEO Summary: This article details the switch from Ubuntu 20.04 to Windows, focusing on GPT vs. MBR partition table issues and their impact on data access. It includes a guide to setting up an Ubuntu VM in VMware Workstation 16 for file recovery. Key points cover partition differences, virtual machine setup, and file sharing between Windows and Linux.Bugs and glitches 27 Aug 2024RFC 826 - Understanding ARP Behavior on L2 Switches: A Comprehensive GuideThis article examines the ARP protocol's behavior on Layer 2 (L2) switches, focusing on how switches discover and store MAC addresses using a MAC Address Table. It also highlights the role of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) in preventing network loops and ensuring the stability of the MAC Address Table.System admin 16 Jun 2024Understanding the Unicode Standard (Part 2): A Deep Dive into UTF-8 and UCS-1Explore UTF-8, the most widely used encoding system, including its encoding methods for various character lengths and compatibility with ASCII. Understand how incorrect encoding can result in gibberish text and why UTF-8, despite its bias toward English, optimizes storage for global programming and technology applications.Cryptography 15 Jun 2024How to Auto-Mount File Systems on Startup in RedHat LinuxLearn how to configure the fstab file on RedHat Linux to auto-mount file systems at startup. This guide covers identifying file system UUIDs, creating mount points, editing fstab, and mounting file systems, ensuring your drives are accessible automatically on boot for seamless system operation.System admin 15 Jun 2024Updating Node.js & npm on Ubuntu 20.04Learn how to resolve Node.js and npm version conflicts on Ubuntu 20.04 with this step-by-step guide. It covers uninstalling outdated versions, adding NodeSource repositories, handling signature verification issues, and installing the latest Node.js version. Ensure smooth operations for your Laravel projects and more.System admin 15 Jun 2024Understanding Cryptocurrency and Its Implementation in AfricaExplore the rise of cryptocurrency in Africa, highlighting its benefits, adoption rates, and challenges. Learn about blockchain technology, mining, P2P trading, and security issues. Understand how cryptocurrencies offer financial solutions but also come with risks, emphasizing the need for awareness and education in this evolving digital landscape.Cryptography 15 Jun 2024Comprehensive Guide to Unicode Standard: Understanding UTF-32 and UTF-16 (Part 1)Explore the basics of the Unicode standard with a focus on UTF-32 and UTF-16. Learn about their encoding processes, efficiency, and practical applications. Understand why UTF-16 is more storage-efficient than UTF-32 and how surrogate pairs are used for characters beyond the initial 65,536 Unicode code points.Cryptography 3 Nov 2026What Does It Really Take to Build a Website? A Business Owner's GuideFrom planning and development to attracting visitors and growing your business, here's what every business owner should know before investing in a website.System admin